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Charles Silverman of City Weekend had a little chat with yours truly about blogging in general, the China Blog Awards, and Imagethief. Very little that regular readers won't know, but it can be found here if you're interested. A shorter version will appear in print next month.

Your correspondent

Hiding behind my blog again...

 

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Imagethief recently received a message from longtime Beijing resident Sam Goodman, who had read my recent post on air pollution (an evergreen --or evergray-- topic here). Many readers will know that you can get daily air pollution data for key cities in China from from the website of the State Environmental Protection Agency (now the Ministry of Environmental Protection, following its recent upgrade to ministerial status). Sam pointed out that it is also possible to generate data sets on air pollution over time (see the query box at the top of the page). I did one this morning tracking air quality in Beijing from August 1st through today with results about what you'd expect -- great during the Oympics and Paralympics, less so afterward.

But if you really want to pore through the historical data for Beijing and Shanghai, no need to go digging through the site. Sam has collected daily air quality data for Beijing and Shanghai from mid-2000 to mid-2007 and assembled it into a spreadsheet. (He has also sliced the data a couple of different ways.) With Sam's permission, and as a public service, Imagethief is pleased to make his work available to the public as a 5MB Excel document or a 900KB zip file. Amateur statisticians, knock yourselves out.

Unfortunately, Sam stopped collecting data in mid-2007, possibly because he realized the next psychological step from obsessively gathering Chinese air pollution statistics would be moving to an unheated cabin in the mountains, growing a Grizzly Adams beard and sending letter bombs to universities. So if you want complete information you'll have to do a little digging of your own.

Then there is the question of whether or not the source of the data (by which I mean the MEP, not Sam) is entirely trustworthy. No warranty is expressed or implied by Imagethief. Your mileage may vary.


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Something totally random but very cool from Wired's Autopia blog:

A bit off-topic for me, but timely since I'll be spending most of tomorrow on one of those little, yellow dots going across the Pacific.

Via the excellent Mr. David Churbuck.

Regular readers will know my posting has been a little light the last three months. It's been a very intense period at work for Imagethief since mid-September, not to mention the usual family commitments. It's going to be lighter still for the next couple of weeks as I am heading back to San Francisco and Palo Alto for a couple of well-earned weeks of vacation. I'll be back in Beijing on January 7th. Provided I can wrestle a squirming nine-month-old through two trans-pacific segments in United steerage without being arrested or assaulted.

There may be some posts during the vacation, including Imagethief's annual stats and greatist-hits roundup (plenty to choose from after was by any standard an epic year in China). But it will be sporadic at best since I'll be catching up with my family and enjoying Imagethief Jr's first Christmas.

I wish all readers a very merry Christmas and a happy New Year. Or, to be completely inclusive and avoid any charges of insensitivity, a happy Hanukkah, Al Hijira (and for the Shia among you, Ashura). And Kwanza. And, just to cover all possible basis, Festivus. If I have missed any secular or spiritual observances during this period, please direct all corrections to the ombudsman of your local newspaper, who probably doesn't have enough to do right now.

Remember, a subscription to Imagethief makes a wonderful Christmas* gift. Sure it's technically free, but with content this good, who's going to accuse you of being cheap?

All the best!

Will

Ho ho ho@ 

Ho, ho, ho! from your host (ca. 2005).

*Or insert holiday observance of your choice here.

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On the heels of Baidu's recent woes, a story from the Financial Times (subscription) noting that CCTV has extended its investigation into dodgy companies advertising on search engines in China:

Internet search engines in China face growing risks as a media campaign against Baidu, the market leader, has broadened to target the entire industry, including Google.

In a report broadcast on December 11, China Central Television, the leading state channel, criticised search engines for running advertisements from non-licensed medical websites and carried footage of what appeared to be Google China's website.

***

Google said it had taken down the ads highlighted in the latest CCTV reports and had strict mechanisms in place to weed out any ads in violation of Chinese laws.

According to the company's ad content guidelines, pharmaceutical ads must not contain exaggerated promises to cure diseases.

***

A search with the keyword "diabetes", the example used in the CCTV report, produced several advertisements on all three websites a week ago, but did not return any ads yesterday.

But searching for the word "prostate" on Baidu, Google and Yahoo produced sponsored links to several websites selling treatments with the claim that these were "95 per cent efficient" or "100 per cent efficient".

Uh oh. At least in Google's case the ads aren't polluting organic search results, as they did for Baidu. Still, it seems the problem with dodgy ads is a bit more widespread than at first suspected.

I'm not sure about in China, but in the US Google's sales are largely automated. It may be the same here. I don't know much about this mechanism, so I'm off on a limb here, but I'd assume that in the US the volume of ads placed would be impossible to screen by hand. (And the legal risks may be different.) But if the search engines end up consistently running afoul of advertising law in China, might they end up needing to screen all ads by hand here? Or do they already? There is some precedent for this in how the Chinese video sharing sites manage and screen user-submitted content.

Also reported in brief by Media.

Previously on Imagethief:

How Baidu can dig its way out

 

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Imagethief was interested to see a self-congratulatory story in the China Daily reviewing the things China has done to make work easier for foreign hacks:

The government welcomes more journalists from abroad to cover events in the country, a top official said on Tuesday, vowing to implement more regulations to provide better services to them.

"We will adhere to the policy of opening up and are ready to provide even better services to the Chinese and foreign media," Wang Chen, minister of the State Council Information Office, said at a reception for journalists to welcome the New Year.

Overseas journalists swung into action immediately after his invitation, chasing him with questions as soon as he finished his speech.

The journalists' number swelled as Wang kept answering their greetings that came in many Chinese accents, as well as European languages. He had to change topics from accepting an appointment with a foreign news agency chief to sharing a joke with some American journalists.

It's something of a banner week for humor from Chinese officials, I note.

By complete coincidence, this story ran just a day or two after I received my 2009 membership card for the Foreign Correspondent's Club of China (FCCC). Imagethief, being a vile spin doctor, is an "associate member", which means I get a discount at the events and receive all the newsletters, but I don't get to come to work in Chinos or grumble about the demise of the industry over drinks at the Rickshaw. At least, not officially.

Included with my renewal was the FCCC's handy folding wallet-card for journalists. This recaps the important articles from the PRC regulations for foreign journalists (in English and Chinese) and has advice on what to do in case you are detained, harassed or searched. This is a very condensed version of the FCCC's comprehensive guide for foreign correspondents in China. One imagines that if we had achieved reporting Camelot in China, a wallet version of this would not be entirely necessary.

But here I must give the China Daily credit where it is due. If you make it all the way through the article, you'll find the following two sentences:

Some of the overseas journalists said that though China's media policy was better than before, it still needed improvement.

Zhang Ming, a Voice of America journalist based in Beijing, said some provincial authorities still did not follow the central government's regulation on the media.

Given some of the fluff that has passed for Chinese coverage of the problems foreign reporters face here, even this cursory acknowledgment is progress of a sort. But I'd keep that wallet card handy. Now if only someone would make a handy wallet card for PR people in distress. Admittedly, our problems are not of the same magnitude: If you've just offered to buy a round of drinks but find you've left your credit card at home...


From the work of two other bloggers Danwei consolidates a wonderful dig at one of the most tiresome rhetorical devices of the Chinese government, "hurting the feelings of the Chinese people".

Who's doing the hurting?

Genius.

The geopolitically astute among you will probably be able to predict the worst offenders.

See also:

Annals of agitprop (James Fallows)

 

...the sun reflecting from the top of the Gemdale office tower casts a starburst in the smog. No run for me today.

Grungy air 

I could smell coal every time I woke up during the night. That'll teach me to leave the filter off. Also, introducing the "pollution" tag to Imagethief. Don't know why it took me this long to get around to it. Perhaps the shock of coming back from California yesterday afternoon.

 

A couple of days ago a journalist acquaintance called and asked me what I thought about the anti-trust and fraud lawsuit that may be filed against Baidu. Her timing was good because I'd spent a large chunk of last Sunday writing a long post about Baidu. If you're wondering why you didn't read it, it's because in moment of dumb tab management I accidentally deleted it rather than post it. It still hurts. It took me a few days to get over my sorrow and take another crack. Here it is again, slightly condensed from its original form, and perhaps better for it.

What I told the journalist is that I don't think the lawsuit is the real problem. Baidu's problem is whether or not its users see its search returns as relevant. Revelance is the oxygen of search engines. Google became popular because it consistently and quickly returned more relevant results to users than other search engines. Baidu held off Google in China because for a long time many Chinese people thought its results were more relevant. It also, of course, has its legally gray but incredibly popular MP3 search, which accounts for a lot of its traffic.

Baidu has had two recent crises that have damaged perceptions of the relevance of its search results. The first is the alleged removal of negative search returns for dairy company Sanlu during that company's own recent crisis. The second, and more recent, is the scandal involving the selling of listings in organic search returns on certain keywords to what turned out to be unlicensed medical companies, which was revealed in a CCTV report.

Internet users and media consumers in China know that the government controls coverage of sensitive stories, both in print and online, and they don't tend to hold media companies (I include Baidu in this category) accountable for that. But if users think a search engine is selling out the quality of its search returns for commercial reasons, they will be less forgiving. Users also have an alternative that they can switch to easily in the form of Google, which is continually improving its product. This vulnerability will become more acute when, sooner or later, the MP3 search business is legislated out of existence or becomes too much of a litigation magnet. Remember, Baidu is NASDAQ listed, and can be punished in ways that many local companies cannot.

Baidu's challenge is now to demonstrate that its search product, which is the foundation of its current business and every other business it wants to build, is still the best one for Chinese users because it gives them the most relevant results. One step that Baidu has reportedly taken is sending a group of tourists on a luxury junket to Hong Kong. While that's in keeping with local PR tradition, it's probably not a long-term solution. More encouragingly, the company has pledged to overhaul (though, as near as I can tell, not necessarily eliminate) its practice of selling inclusion in "organic" search listings.

That's a start. Ultimately, however, Baidu needs to think very hard about its overall business model and the relationship between the advertising it sells and the search results it delivers to users. Search engine results are a signal-to-noise challenge. How much junk do you have to wade through and how many blind alleys do you have to follow before you find what you really want? Google has proven that advertising, if handled correctly, can be as relevant as organic search returns. It has, however, given itself a measure of safety by keeping paid returns clearly separate from organic ones. This makes sense because organic returns are algorithmically generated, while the paid ones are based on keyword bidding. The ads may be relevant, but you can always see just how well the search itself is performing. Also, users are often interested in specifically non-commercial results (like blog postings).

I will go out on a limb and say that it's not necessarily bad for Baidu to sell inclusion in "organic" search returns. I don't even think Baidu necessarily has to disclose when it has done so. But if Baidu is going to sell inclusion in search returns, and especially if it isn't going to transparently flag paid placement, it undertakes a huge extra burden. Google's algorithm decides the relevance of organic search returns in relation to a given keyword or keywords. Only rarely, if ever, does a human element intrude, and ads and paid listings are kept separate. But if Baidu is going to sell unmarked inclusion in organic results then its salespeople have to do the vetting and make sure that their sales don't degrade the signal-to-noise ratio. This introduces a lot of human judgment and fallibility into the process, especially if the incentives are designed to encourage sales over screening for relevance. As for selling the removal of information from organic results, I can't think of any commercial justification. It's a PR disaster and it should never happen again.

Search engine results also confer legitimacy (something that  search engine users need to be cautious about, since listings can be gamed on any search engine, if only temporarily). Right or wrong, even though we're innately sceptical of advertising we expect companies or information in the first screen or two of organic listings to be of high quality. We're a little more suspect of listings on the 93rd page of results. As the medical company scandal showed, that legitimacy should be sold only with caution and proper due diligence. After all, if a radio station sells ads that drive listeners away or flog bogus products, it won't stay in business for very long. It's easy to listen to another radio station, and it's easy to switch to another search engine.

So while it might not be necessary to disclose paid listings or, better yet, separate them from organic ones, it is the simplest and most elegant and effective way to defend the quality of Baidu's flagship product in the long term. If Baidu won't do that, then at the very least it has to be completely transparent about how it screens and vets companies for paid inclusion in organic results and it has to be willing to absorb the consequences when, inevitably, that system goes awry. This would be a poor alternative, however.

Personally, I like the idea of a local challenger to Google and I'd like Baidu to succeed. But if Baidu wants to hold off Google and build a business that can prosper in the long run it has to rethink the "search engine with Chinese characteristics" approach. Google isn't sitting still in China, and if Chinese users start doubting the relevance of Baidu's search returns it won't be long before the Internet search market-share figures are reversed and Baidu becomes Accoona, or one more victim of the Google juggernaut.

Disclosure: Imagethief does not currently represent Google, Baidu or any search engine.

See also:

Previously on Imagethief:


If you follow China business news then you've probably heard or read about the arrest of Huang Guangyu, chairman of the huge Gome home appliance store chain and China's richest man. As Time's Austin Ramzy points out, being named on China's rich list is a widely known as an indicator of future misfortune. But particularly interesting in Huang's case is that this very situation was foreshadowed in an LA Times profile of him that ran two years ago with a prescient headline: "It helps to be 'rich silently' in polarized China".

The article, which is worth going back and rereading in light of current events, positions Huang as something of a wealthy everyman, not quite at ease with his amazing fortune. In retrospect one wonders how much of this was calculated positioning. It is not wholly flattering, although it's pretty positive. The standard, operatic Chinese entrepreurial story of a rise from penury through a hardscrabble start to spanning success. See also Zong Qinghou, Li Ka-shing, and so on.

Given that Huang is in the dock for alleged share manipulation, what really struck me about the LA Times profile was this:

On the backs of Wang’s business cards and those of all Gome employees are Huang’s three cardinal rules: Do not accept gifts from customers. Do not take kickbacks. Do not use your position for personal gain.

Printed at the very bottom is a hotline number for people to report employee misdeeds.

A touch of irony perhaps? It will be hard to know if the facts remain murky.

As for Gome, they are busy trying to distance themselves from their former Chairman and explaining that nothing that's happened has anything to do with the business. And in fact the looming recession and generally cutthroat nature of China's retail industry is likely to be their biggest problem this year.

 

Imagethief was interested to see that the ARJ-21, the Chinese regional commercial jet that is currently in development, had its maiden flight on Friday. China has big ambitions to grow its capabilities in commercial aviation, and there is much riding on the ARJ program. So I was not surprised at all to see that the pilots were complementary after the flight:

"The plane flew normally and it handled well," the report quoted pilot Zhao Peng as saying.

I am sure that the plane probably did handle well. But I'm also sure that even if it had flown like a dead quail fired from a slingshot Captain Peng would have been complementary, lest his captain's wings fly away and doom him to a career in the second-seat of the yak dung cargo route from Golmud to Hohhot.

This is not particularly Chinese. Test pilots for the commercial aircraft manufacturers are advocates for their employers, who are in the business of selling those aircraft. Remember the A380's heavily hyped maiden flight?

Jacques Rosay, who flew the A380 during take-off, said the plane behaved "immaculately" and that as a pilot "you handle it like you handle a bicycle."

Yes. Exactly like you'd handle a jet-powered bicycle with a maximum takeoff weight of 590 metric tonnes. But it gets the positive point across, both to airlines, who will need to train and qualify their flight crews, and to potential passengers. This is important in an era when maiden flights are a big part of the marketing push for new aircraft.

Anyone want to guess on the tone of the comments from the guy on the stick during the Boeing 787's first test flight? Heavy on the smooth-and-easy, I'm betting. Even if the plane handles badly, which it almost certainly won't, you're not going to hear, "Handles like a giant chicken on meth," during the press conference. At least, not if the pilot wants a job when they get around to testing the 797, or whatever comes next.

See also:

Silicon Hutong: The ARJ-21 and China's long, slow climb to the skies

Nice lines on the Chinese model.

 

If you're interested in the specifics of how online censorship works --and doesn't work-- in China, especially with regard to blogging, check out Rebecca MacKinnon's post and presentation on her recent research into the topic. She and her students posted a range of potentially sensitive content onto a number of Chinese blog service providers and tracked what got censored where. Here is the presentation (best viewed in full screen mode), but if you're interested it's worth reading her post as well:

 

MacKinnon graphically illustrates the wide variation in censorship across different providers in China, although she doesn't map the results to specific providers to avoid getting the more permissive ones into trouble. (She explains why this variation exists, thus neatly overturning once of the most common misperceptions of the Net Nanny: That she's monolithic.) I don't know about you, but I'm dying to know who's loose and who's tight, among other things because I'm curious if there are consistent differences between local and foreign brands. (Wouldn't it be more interesting to discover that foreign-linked operators censor more rigorously because they're worried about their status? But that's just a bit of conspiracy-theory hallucination on my part.)


Let's all take a moment to appreciate the Global Times, the nationalist tabloid cousin to the staid People's Daily, which has decided to get indignant about the new Guns'n'Roses album, "Chinese Democracy". It's not that the Chinese people don't have some cause to be angry. After all, the title is somewhat provocative, and the title track itself makes mention of the dreaded FLG. It also includes the following verses, which are pretty much worth getting angry about simply on artistic grounds alone, regardless of nationality:

Cause it would take a lot more time than you
Have got for masturbation
Even with your iron fist
All they got to rule the nation
When all we got is precious time
All they got to fool the nation
When all I got is precious time

Yep, you're on the artistic edge when you're rhyming "masturbation" with "nation" in an oblique criticism of China's political system. Or maybe you're just on your second bottle of Wild Turkey and your sixth line of Bolivian fairy dandruff. Who knows? Either way, as a musical critique of China, it's ways from the sly, ironic rage of Roger Waters' "Watching TV" (which is itself a ways from Waters' best work). And Waters played live in Shanghai not very long ago, although I doubt he played that particular song. 

But Guns'n'Roses? Guns'n'Roses?  The band singer that took so long to get this album out that the phrase "Chinese Democracy" is now, with perhaps unintentional aptness, a music industry euphemism for a project that never ends? My friends, if you're getting worked up about this record then your yardstick for cultural relevance is perhaps in need of some recalibration. And fortunately for you, Imagethief can provide that recalibration. In terms of gross influence on society and popular consciousness, Imagethief rates Guns'n'Roses circa 2008 thusly:

Pop Culture Relevance

Arguably, Miley Cyrus is also past it, and should be replaced by the cast of "Twilight".

All pop acts, and most pop-culture in general, reflect a particular moment in time. There is no such thing as "timeless rock", only formerly timely rock that has aged well. I say that as a bona-fide classic rock fan who learned to play bass by jamming over Hendrix records, Pink Floyd, Zep, The Stranglers, and other dinosaurs. Guns'n'Roses, for all their hostility and edginess, needs to be recognized for what they actually were: The last of the LA hair-metal bands. The final, angry stand of a cornered '80s genre. "Appetite for Destruction" came out in 1987, but languished for a year before it gained real notice. By the time "Use Your Illusion" came out, in 1991, about the time I was launching my college radio career, the band still had some juice but in fact most rock fans and and the industry itself were already up in Seattle trying to figure out exactly exactly what a "Mudhoney" was.

Some rare bands and pop musicians endure, reinventing themselves to stay relevant. That's why, although I don't much like her music, I have fair respect for Madonna. She has accomplished the near impossible with almost twenty-five years of pop-music success and reasonably consistent relevance. (Although, note to Hollywood, please don't let her approach either end of a movie camera ever again.) But most bands, even if they do successfully endure and reinvent themselves, have a peak when they hit maximum alignment with the zeitgeist. Even those that stay successful thereafter are usually living on borrowed time and aging fans, like a human body that deteriorates inexorably after the late teens no matter how healthy it is kept.

So let's take that equation and add to it not releasing an album for seventeen years. Just how long has it been since the last Guns'n'Roses studio album? When it came out, Deng Xiaoping was still a year away from making his famous "Southern Tour", the climax of the factional battles that resulted in China's economic opening to the world. Going after them could be considered quixotic, if Don Quixote had tilted at pinwheels.

Thus, when the Global Times published the headline (via CNN), "American band releases album venomously attacking China", lent credibility to Chinese net gossip that the album was a Western plot to "grasp and control the world using democracy as a pawn", and wrote that the the record "turns its spear point on China," they were committing a classic PR sin: Drawing attention to an unworthy critic.

Let's illustrate this principle. Let's say you're Enormocorp, a gigantic, publicly listed conglomerate with its fingers in a myriad of businesses that span the globe. One day a small, pimply boy with his finger jammed up his nose walks up to you and says, "You're poopy!" What is the correct response?

The correct response is something along the lines of turning to your friend and saying, "Did you hear something?" It is not putting out a global press release on your non-poopyness, sending your CEO to do the Sunday talk shows to refute poopy allegations and publishing white papers on all the anti-poopy measures that you are undertaking. Doing this is drawing attention to an unworthy critic, someone who's ability to genuinely affect public perception is essentially nil. We call this "PRing the problem." Global Times has PR'd the problem.

But I suppose it's their job to do so. The angry rhetoric will play to readers and shift newspapers, which is the real job of any newspaper. So while it makes little sense from a national PR or defending-Chinese-ears point of view, it makes plenty of sense from a business point of view. As long as you don't mind the cynicism of accepting that a legion of people who otherwise wouldn't have bothered will probably stampede to Baidu to run MP3 searches for "Chinese Democracy" (or the Chinese nanny-defeating linguistic spoof thereof) as a result of the article.

Personally, Imagethief thinks the Foreign Ministry, which was quoted in the same CNN article, had it dead right when they were asked about the album:

"We don't need to comment on that."

Note: Imagethief owns "Appetite for Destruction" and considers it one of the great workout records of all time. He has not, however, listened to "Chinese Democracy" yet. Who knows? Maybe it rocks.


My friend Chua Chin Hon, a journalist and photographer, has posted an excellent photo essay on the Three Gorges area, including photos he has taken over the past several years. Chin Hon has a good eye and has included some excellent notes on the photographs. Check it out.

 

Chin Hon's other photo collections and essays are here. He also has a book of photos of the Beijing Olympics, 08. 08. 08. either just out or just on the way (I'm not sure).

Chin Hon will soon leave his post as bureau chief for the Singapore Straits Times and head to the United States where, among other things, he'll cover Barack Obama's inauguration. Sorry to see him go

 

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Long time readers will remember that Imagethief started a blog for CNET on the China technology scene called "Little Red Blog" back in 2006, and ran it for about a year. My archived posts can be found under the "CNET Asia" tag in my tag cloud, at right. When I ran short of time I handed the blog over to the excellent Rick Martin, who improved it and generally did me proud as a replacement for a year and a half. Rick is moving to Japan, where he will continue to blog for CNET under the "Tokyo Shift" label. That's not live yet, but will be on the 28th of November.

Meanwhile, Suzhou-based Ryan McLaughlin will take over CNET's China Tech portfolio. Ryan is a familiar voice from China's english-language blogging scene thanks to The Adventures of the Humanaught and The Hao Hao Report among others. Ryan is dumping the somewhat shopworn "Little Red Blog" label (no offense taken) and has renamed the blog The Tech Dynasty. New title notwithstanding, however, I think the blog remains in good hands. Welcome aboard, Ryan.

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